دوازده نکته ی کلیدی در منشور اخلاقی و رفتار حرفه ای استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در آموزش علوم پزشکی: یک مرور نظام مند

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات آموزش پزشکی، مرکز مطالعات و توسعه ی آموزش علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 مرکز سنجش آموزش پزشکی، معاونت آموزشی وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: علی ‏رغم گسترش کاربرد هوش مصنوعی در ابعاد مختلف زندگی بشر، دستورالعمل اخلاقی مدونی برای بکاربست آن در کشور تدوین نشده است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش مرور نظام‎ مند متون با موضوع کاربرد این فناوری در آموزش علوم ‎پزشکی به منظور تدوین و جمع ‏بندی کدهای اخلاقی و رفتار حرفه‎ ای مرتبط با آن، می ‏باشد.

روش کار: جستجو برای شناسایی مطالعات مرتبط در پایگاه داده‌های PubMed،Web of science و EMBASE در بازه‎ ی زمانی سال‎ های 2010 تا 2022 انجام شد. مطالعاتی که با معیارهای ورود مطابقت داشتند، وارد مرور شدند. سپس اطلاعات مورد نیاز استخراج و مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفت.

یافته‏ ها: 17 مطالعه طبق معیارها، وارد مرحله نهایی مطالعه شدند. مهم‎ترین چارچوب‎ های استخراج شده شامل: پاسخگویی و مسؤلیت پذیری، دانش و آگاهی، حریم خصوصی و حفاظت از داده‎ ها، شفافیت و توضیح پذیری، عدالت و عدم تبعیض، ایمنی، احترام به فردیت و استقلال، کنترل پذیری، ضرورت و اثربخشی، نظارت انسانی، سوءگیری و نوع دوستی بودند.

نتیجه‏ گیری: در بحث مسائل اخلاقی در استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در آموزش علوم ‎پزشکی، هنوز گفتمان مدون و مشترکی در کشور وجود ندارد چرا که بحث پیچیده، چند بُعدی و وابسته به پیشرفت روز به روز این فناوری بوده و هرگونه چارچوب تنظیمی می ‎تواند به سرعت متحول و حتی منسوخ شود. در نتیجه باید در برخورد با این موضوع از رویکرد واکنش‏ گرایانه به سمت رویکردی پیشگیرانه، فعال و آینده پژوهانه، حرکت کرد. تشکیل کارگروه چند تخصصی در وزارت بهداشت، برای تدوین اصول اخلاقی، نظارت و پایش سیستم ‎ها و آموزش استاد، دانشجو و آگاهی عمومی در استفاده از هوش مصنوعی و اصول اخلاقی مرتبط با آن، یک نیاز فوری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Twelve Key Points in Codes of Ethics and Professional Conduct of Using Artificial Intelligence in Medical Sciences Education: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abtin Heidarzadeh 1
  • Samaneh Panjeh Ali Beik 2
1 Medical Education Research Center, Educational Development Center, Guilan, University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
2 National Center for Medical Education Assessment, Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Education, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background: Despite the expansion of the use of artificial intelligence in various dimensions of human life, no written ethical guidelines have been developed for its application in the country. This research aims to systematically review the literature on applying this technology in medical sciences education to compile and summarize related codes of ethics and professional conduct.



Method and Materials: A search was conducted to identify related studies in PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from 2010 to 2022. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Then the required information was extracted and discussed.

Findings: Seventeen studies entered the final study stage according to the criteria. The most critical extracted framework include, was: accountability and responsibility, knowledge and awareness, privacy and data protection, transparency and explainability, fairness and non-discrimination, safety, respect for the individual, controllability, necessity, and effectiveness, humane monitoring, bias, and altruism.

Conclusion: On the subject of ethical topics in the use of artificial intelligence in the education of medical sciences, there is still no codified and joint discourse in the country because the debate is complex, multi-dimensional, and dependent on the day-by-day progress of this technology and any regulatory framework, can change quickly and even become obsolete. As a result, it is necessary to move from a reactive approach to a proactive and forward-looking approach in dealing with this case. There is an urgent need to form a multidisciplinary working group in the Ministry of Health to formulate ethical principles, supervise and monitor systems, and enlighten teachers, students, and the general public with artificial intelligence and its ethical principles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Code of Ethics
  • Medical Ethics
  • Professional Conduct
  • Medical Sciences Education
  • Artificial Intelligence

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طب و تزکیه
دوره 31، شماره 1
خرداد 1401
صفحه 36-21

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